The concept of "celestial apparent motion" is a key and challenging topic in senior high school geography, as it demands high-level spatial and logical thinking from students. This study proposes to take the celestial sphere model as the core cognitive tool and guide students to explore the complex "apparent motion of celestial bodies" phenomenon within a structured geometric model through a three-stage teaching path of "building cognitive bridges - reconstructing motion images - solving practical problems". Practice has proven that this approach not only helps students effectively build a knowledge system but also cultivates their geographical structured thinking and deepens their understanding of the essence of related content. Consequently, it enhances their comprehensive ability to solve practical problems and ultimately fosters the cultivation of geographical key competences.