Geographical resources in the surrounding environment serve as a "living textbook" for senior high school geography teaching, and their effective development and application are conducive to cultivating key competences. Based on the requirements of The 2017 Version of National Geography Curriculum Standards and combined with the knowledge points in the Hunan Education Publishing House Edition senior high school geography textbooks, this paper proposes a four-step activation method: perception–connection–integration–application. Taking the project-based learning of Yanglin Old Street in Hengdong County as a case study, it expounds how to transform scattered resources on campus, in communities and in their hometowns into systematic teaching carriers. Through building sensitivity to geographical resources, anchoring textbook knowledge points, constructing practical units and translating value extension into practice, the in-depth cultivation of geographical key competences is achieved. Practice shows that this method can solve problems such as disconnection between textbooks and daily life and underutilization of local resources, providing a replicable paradigm for senior high school geography teaching.