针对初中地理跨学科教学中空间思维缺位与决策过程形式化的问题，本文构建空间约束视角下的地理工程决策学习框架。通过厘清“空间条件—空间证据—空间约束”的转化逻辑，本文引入刚性约束与弹性约束区分机制，确立“证据提取—约束建模—方案生成—比较验证—优化决策”的任务链，结合公园型应急避难场所设计案例，阐述教学实施策略与表现性评价体系。该框架利用空间冲突驱动方案权衡与迭代，有助于引导学生实现从认识空间到介入空间的跨越，深化地理课程核心素养培育。

To address the absence of spatial thinking and the tendency for decision-making processes to become mere formalities in interdisciplinary teaching of junior high school geography, this paper constructs a framework for engineering decision-making learning in geography from the perspective of spatial constraints.By clarifying the transformation logic from spatial conditions through spatial evidence to spatial constraints,and by introducing a mechanism for distinguishing rigid constraints from flexible ones, this paper establishes a task chain of“evidence extraction—constraint modeling—scheme generation—comparative verifi cation—decision optimization.”Drawing on a case of park-type emergency shelter design, elaborates on the strategies for teaching implementation and the system of performance-based assessment.Leveraging spatial confl icts to drive the trade-off and iteration of design schemes,the framework helps guide students to make the leap from understanding space to intervening in space,thereby deepening the cultivation of core geographical key competences.