中学生地图思维是运用图形图像来理解、分析和解决地理空间问题的认知活动，是连接地图工具与区域认知的桥梁。本研究基于地图学理论，构建指向区域认知素养的地图思维发展层级模型，并以“世界表层洋流的分布规律”为例，实践“图示现象－析图解因－调图破谜”的教学策略，以期为深化地图教学、培养学生区域认知素养提供理论依据和实践路径。

Middle school students’map thinking is a cognitive activity that uses graphics and images to understand, analyze and solve geospatial problems, and it is a bridge connecting map tools and regional cognition. Based on cartography theory, this study constructs a hierarchical development model of map thinking oriented to regional cognition competences, and takes The Distribution Law of World Surface Ocean Currents as an example to practice the teaching strategy of“Graphic Phenomenon - Analyze Maps to Explain Causes - Adjust Maps to Solve Puzzles”, so as to provide theoretical basis and practical path for deepening map teaching and cultivating students' regional cognition competences.