野外考察能够将理论知识与真实情境相结合，将抽象的概念、复杂的要素关系和悠久的地质年代等转化为可感知的空间实体，对学生深入理解地理环境演变具有重要意义。本文以贵阳向斜的地质地貌研学为例，建构了“基础感知—特征描述—过程分析—时空重建—综合阐释”的递进式认知阶梯，并通过教学实施过程引导学生逐步探究地理环境演变过程，培养学生的科学世界观、科学思维与实践能力，落实地理核心素养的教学目标。

Field investigation integrates theoretical knowledge with real-world contexts, transforming abstract concepts, complex interrelationships among elements, and long geological epochs into perceptible spatial entities, which is of great significance for students’ in-depth understanding of geographical environment evolution. Taking the geological and geomorphological study trip of the Guiyang syncline as an example, this paper constructs a progressive cognitive ladder of “basic perception—feature description—process analysis—spatiotemporal reconstruction—comprehensive interpretation.” Through the teaching implementation process, it guides students to gradually explore the evolution process of the geographical environment, cultivates their scientific worldview, scientific thinking, and practical abilities, and achieves the teaching objectives of fostering geographical key competences.