本文从结构性、意向性和整合性三方面对地理试题的本质属性进行解构，从价值逻辑、学科逻辑、认知逻辑和情境逻辑四个层面揭示地理试题命制的底层逻辑。基于对地理试题本质属性与底层逻辑的系统剖析，本文构建了“四层五环”地理试题命制模型，并以原创试题为案例验证了试题命制模型的科学性与可操作性。

This paper deconstructs the essential attributes of geography test questions from three aspects: structure, intentionality, and integration. It reveals the underlying logic of geography test question design from four levels: value logic, subject logic, cognitive logic, and contextual logic. Based on a systematic analysis of the essential attributes and underlying logic of geography test questions, this paper constructs a "four-layer, fi ve-ring" geography test question design model. The scientifi c validity and operability of the model are verifi ed using original test questions as case studies.